直流減速電機(ji)是一種應(ying)用(yong)非常廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)速傳動設備，通常也稱(cheng)為(wei)齒(chi)(chi)輪減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，是在普通直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)有(you)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，加上(shang)配套齒(chi)(chi)輪減(jian)速箱。齒(chi)(chi)輪減(jian)速箱的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是，提(ti)供(gong)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)轉速，較大的(de)(de)(de)力(li)矩。同(tong)時，齒(chi)(chi)輪箱不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)速比(bi)可(ke)以提(ti)供(gong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)轉速和力(li)矩。按(an)照驅動直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)類(lei)型，分為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)有(you)刷(shua)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)齒(chi)(chi)輪箱產品。下面將(jiang)詳(xiang)細(xi)介紹兩種直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)區別。

直流有刷電機：是內含電刷裝置的將(jiang)直流電能轉換成(cheng)機械能(直流電動機)或將機械能轉換成直流(liu)電能(直流發(fa)電機(ji))的旋轉電(dian)機(ji)。區別于直流(liu)無刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)，電(dian)刷(shua)裝置是(shi)用來引入或引出直流(liu)電(dian)壓和直流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)的。直流(liu)有(you)(you)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)所有(you)(you)電(dian)機(ji)的基(ji)礎，它具有(you)(you)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)快、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)及時、可在大范圍(wei)內平(ping)滑(hua)地調速、控制(zhi)電(dian)路相對簡單等特點。直流(liu)有(you)(you)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)的基(ji)本構造(zao)的組件包括(kuo)定(ding)子(zi)、轉子(zi)、電(dian)刷(shua)和換(huan)向(xiang)器。定(ding)子(zi)和轉子(zi)磁(ci)場(chang)相互(hu)作用驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)旋轉。有(you)(you)刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)的類型根(gen)據電(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)或外殼中磁(ci)場(chang)的產生方式來劃分(fen)。根(gen)據有(you)(you)刷(shua)直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)的類型，定(ding)子(zi)磁(ci)場(chang)可以由永磁(ci)鐵或定(ding)子(zi)中的繞組產生。

無(wu)刷直流電機：由電動(dong)機主體(ti)(ti)和驅(qu)動(dong)器組成，是一種(zhong)典型的機電一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)產品。 無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是指(zhi)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷和換(huan)向器(qi)(qi)（或集電(dian)(dian)(dian)環）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，又稱(cheng)無換(huan)向器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。無刷直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和驅動(dong)器(qi)(qi)組成，是一(yi)種典型的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化產(chan)品。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)定(ding)子(zi)繞組多做成三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)對稱(cheng)星形接法(fa)，同三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)十分相(xiang)(xiang)似。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)上(shang)粘有已(yi)充(chong)磁(ci)的(de)(de)永磁(ci)體(ti)(ti)，為(wei)了檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)極性(xing)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)內裝有位(wei)置傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)。直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)具有響應快速、較大的(de)(de)起動(dong)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)、從零轉(zhuan)速至額定(ding)轉(zhuan)速具備可提供額定(ding)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)(de)性(xing)能，但直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)優點也正是它的(de)(de)缺點，因為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)要產(chan)生額定(ding)負載下恒定(ding)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)(de)性(xing)能，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞磁(ci)場與(yu)轉(zhuan)子(zi)磁(ci)場須恒維持90°，這就要(yao)藉由碳(tan)刷及整流子。

有刷(shua)電機與無(wu)刷(shua)電機的調速區(qu)別：

1.有刷馬達(da)調(diao)(diao)速(su)過程是調(diao)(diao)整馬達(da)供電(dian)電(dian)源電(dian)壓的(de)(de)高低(di)。調(diao)(diao)整后(hou)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓電(dian)流(liu)通過整流(liu)子及(ji)電(dian)刷地(di)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)極產生的(de)(de)磁場(chang)強弱，達(da)到(dao)改(gai)變(bian)轉(zhuan)速(su)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。這(zhe)一過程被稱之為(wei)變(bian)壓調(diao)(diao)速(su)。

2.無刷(shua)馬達調速(su)過(guo)程是馬達的(de)供電(dian)電(dian)源的(de)電(dian)壓不變(bian)(bian)，改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)調的(de)控制信號，通(tong)過(guo)微(wei)處理器(qi)再改變(bian)(bian)大功(gong)率MOS管的(de)(de)開關速(su)率，來實現轉速(su)的(de)(de)改變。這一過程(cheng)被稱(cheng)之為變頻(pin)調速(su)。