步進電機和(he)無(wu)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是兩(liang)種(zhong)應(ying)用非(fei)常(chang)廣泛的驅動電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，兩(liang)者的結構、領(ling)域、驅動特性上(shang)明顯不一樣，下面詳細介紹(shao)步進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)無(wu)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的區別，將(jiang)從驅動原理、特點、應(ying)用場景介紹(shao)。

步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)又稱為脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，基于最(zui)基本的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵原理，它是(shi)一(yi)種可以自由(you)回轉的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵，其(qi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)原理是(shi)依靠氣隙磁(ci)(ci)(ci)導的(de)變化(hua)來產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)轉矩。步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)一(yi)種將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)信號轉換成相應角(jiao)(jiao)位(wei)移或(huo)線位(wei)移的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。每輸(shu)(shu)入一(yi)個(ge)脈沖(chong)(chong)信號，轉子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)轉動(dong)(dong)一(yi)個(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)度或(huo)前進一(yi)步(bu)，其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)位(wei)移或(huo)線位(wei)移與(yu)輸(shu)(shu)入的(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)數(shu)成正(zheng)比(bi)，轉速與(yu)脈沖(chong)(chong)頻(pin)率成正(zheng)比(bi)。因此，步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)又稱脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉子(zi)(zi)為永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)體，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過定子(zi)(zi)繞組時，定子(zi)(zi)繞組產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)矢量磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)。該(gai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)會帶動(dong)(dong)轉子(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)轉一(yi)角(jiao)(jiao)度，使得(de)轉子(zi)(zi)的(de)一(yi)對磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)定子(zi)(zi)的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)一(yi)致。當定子(zi)(zi)的(de)矢量磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)旋(xuan)轉一(yi)個(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)度。轉子(zi)(zi)也(ye)隨著該(gai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)轉一(yi)個(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)度。步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)具備運行平(ping)穩、低噪音、響(xiang)應快、使用壽命長、高(gao)輸(shu)(shu)出扭矩等特點。

步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機在智(zhi)能機器(qi)人(ren)驅動(dong)、升降(jiang)(jiang)桌升降(jiang)(jiang)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)沙發伸(shen)縮、ATM機、噴(pen)繪機、刻字機、寫真機、噴(pen)涂(tu)設備(bei)、醫(yi)療儀器(qi)及設備(bei)、工(gong)(gong)業自動(dong)化設備(bei)、小型(xing)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)工(gong)(gong)具、精密(mi)儀器(qi)、工(gong)(gong)業控制系統、辦公(gong)自動(dong)化、機器(qi)人(ren)等領域。

無刷直流電機是(shi)采(cai)用半導(dao)體開(kai)關器(qi)件來實(shi)現電子(zi)換向(xiang)的，即(ji)用電子(zi)開(kai)關器(qi)件代替傳統的接觸式換向(xiang)器(qi)和電刷。它具有可靠性高、無(wu)換向(xiang)火(huo)花(hua)、機械噪聲低(di)等優點，廣泛(fan)應用于(yu)高檔錄(lu)音座、錄(lu)像機、電子(zi)儀器(qi)及自動化辦公設備中。

無刷(shua)直流(liu)電動機(ji)由(you)永(yong)磁體轉(zhuan)子(zi)、多極繞(rao)組(zu)定子(zi)、位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器等組(zu)成。位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感按(an)(an)轉(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)變化，沿著一定次序對定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)電流(liu)進(jin)(jin)行換(huan)(huan)流(liu)（即檢測轉(zhuan)子(zi)磁極相對定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)在(zai)確定的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)產生位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感信號(hao)，經信號(hao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電路(lu)(lu)(lu)處(chu)理后去(qu)控制(zhi)功率開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電路(lu)(lu)(lu)，按(an)(an)一定的(de)(de)邏輯(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)進(jin)(jin)行繞(rao)組(zu)電流(liu)切換(huan)(huan)）。定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)工作電壓(ya)由(you)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器輸出控制(zhi)的(de)(de)電子(zi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)電路(lu)(lu)(lu)提供(gong)。

無刷(shua)(shua)電機優點：無電刷(shua)(shua)、低干擾(rao)、噪音低，運(yun)轉(zhuan)順暢、壽命長(chang)，低維護成本等

無刷電(dian)(dian)機用(yong)途：小功率(lv)、小型(xing)無刷電(dian)(dian)機需(xu)要搭(da)配齒輪箱(xiang)一(yi)起(qi)使用(yong)，廣泛應用(yong)在智能汽車驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)器、機器人驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、智能家居驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、消費電(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、通(tong)訊設備(bei)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、醫療設備(bei)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖具驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)等行業和設備(bei)。