帶減速機的電機稱為減速電機，主(zhu)要傳動結構(gou)由驅動電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、減速齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)組裝而成(cheng)，驅動電機(ji)(ji)(ji)可以(yi)是(shi)直流電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、步(bu)進(jin)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、空心杯電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、伺服(fu)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁電機(ji)(ji)(ji)等作(zuo)(zuo)為驅動源，齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)可采用(yong)行星齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、蝸輪(lun)蝸桿齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)作(zuo)(zuo)為減速器；減速電機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)一種應用(yong)廣(guang)泛的驅動電機(ji)(ji)(ji)設備，應用(yong)在(zai)不同領域，型號(hao)規(gui)格(ge)、參數性能也不一樣。

減速電機(ji)原理：減速器是一(yi)種由封閉在剛(gang)性殼體(ti)內的(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)、蝸桿傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)、齒輪(lun)(lun)-蝸桿傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)所組成的(de)(de)獨立部件，常(chang)用(yong)作(zuo)原動(dong)(dong)件與工作(zuo)機(ji)之間的(de)(de)減速傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置。在原動(dong)(dong)機(ji)和(he)工作(zuo)機(ji)或執行機(ji)構之間起匹配轉(zhuan)速和(he)傳(chuan)遞(di)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，在現代機(ji)械(xie)中應用(yong)極為廣泛。

減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)：按(an)(an)照(zhao)傳動級(ji)數不(bu)同可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為單級(ji)和(he)多級(ji)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廠輪(lun)形(xing)狀可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐－圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱齒(chi)引輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；按(an)(an)照(zhao)傳動的布(bu)置形(xing)式(shi)又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為展開式(shi)、分(fen)(fen)流式(shi)和(he)同進(jin)軸式(shi)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；按(an)(an)照(zhao)驅動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)類(lei)型可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為直流減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、步進(jin)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、空(kong)心杯減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；按(an)(an)照(zhao)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱傳動形(xing)式(shi)分(fen)(fen)為行(xing)星齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、蝸(gua)輪(lun)蝸(gua)桿減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等；

減速機選(xuan)型要點：電機基本參數包括：額定電壓、額定轉速、額定轉矩，額定功率、力(li)矩和(he)齒輪箱的減速比。

1.額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)呈(cheng)正比(bi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越高轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)越快，但如果(guo)微(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)超過(guo)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)運(yun)轉(zhuan)，首先微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的效率(lv)會下降，并(bing)會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加產生大(da)量的熱(re)量，最(zui)后導致微(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)壽命縮(suo)短或因發熱(re)過(guo)高燒毀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，一般微(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)會有一個運(yun)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍，小編并(bing)不(bu)建議(yi)微(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)超出或低于運(yun)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍下運(yun)轉(zhuan)（低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)運(yun)轉(zhuan)也會產生非常大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。

2.空(kong)(kong)載(zai)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)：空(kong)(kong)載(zai)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)是指微(wei)型減速(su)(su)電機沒有連接時在(zai)額定電壓下(xia)最(zui)快的旋轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)度，空(kong)(kong)載(zai)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)與負載(zai)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)區(qu)別是比較大(da)的，取決于負載(zai)的大(da)小，負載(zai)越大(da)最(zui)后的輸出轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)會越慢。

3.額(e)定功率(lv)：微型減速電機在額(e)定電壓條件下運(yun)轉時的功率(lv)，可通過電流×電壓得出輸出功率(lv)值。

4.堵轉(zhuan)扭(niu)矩：指微型(xing)減(jian)速電機輸出軸不(bu)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)時(shi)所提供的最(zui)大扭(niu)矩，堵轉(zhuan)時(shi)間如超過數秒微型(xing)減(jian)速電機會因(yin)電流(liu)過大燒毀。

5.堵(du)轉(zhuan)電流(liu)：與堵(du)轉(zhuan)扭(niu)力類似，指微(wei)型(xing)電機在最大扭(niu)矩條(tiao)件下所消耗的電流(liu)，這個電流(liu)是非常高的，如沒有(you)堵(du)轉(zhuan)電流(liu)控制保護，則會使(shi)微(wei)型(xing)減(jian)速電機損傷。

6.扭(niu)矩：微型(xing)減速電機的扭(niu)矩是通過力×距離計算出的，如(ru)10Nm堵(du)轉(zhuan)扭(niu)矩下進行旋轉(zhuan)的電機能夠在(zai)1m內保持10N。同(tong)樣，其也在(zai)0.5m之內保持20N。