減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)是用來(lai)降低轉速(su)和增大轉矩,以(yi)滿足工(gong)作要(yao)求(qiu)。減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的種類(lei)很多(duo),其種類(lei)的分類(lei)可按傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的類(lei)型(xing)和齒輪(lun)(lun)的外形以(yi)及(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的級(ji)(ji)(ji)數等(deng)來(lai)分,按傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)類(lei)型(xing)來(lai)分時(shi),可分為齒輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),蝸桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和行星齒輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)由齒輪(lun)(lun)和蝸桿相互組合起(qi)來(lai)的減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。按照(zhao)齒輪(lun)(lun)的外形來(lai)分,可分為圓柱齒輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),圓錐齒輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和圓錐—圓柱齒輪(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。當按照(zhao)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的級(ji)(ji)(ji)數來(lai)分時(shi),可分為單(dan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和多(duo)級(ji)(ji)(ji)減(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。
齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)和(he)蝸桿組成的(de)常用的(de)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要有齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),蝸桿減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),蝸桿—齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),行星(xing)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),擺線針輪(lun)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),諧波(bo)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等六(liu)種(zhong),而且這六(liu)種(zhong)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都已經(jing)有系列產品,在選型時只有在找(zhao)不到合(he)適的(de)產品時,才(cai)自行設計制造減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。
常(chang)見(jian)的減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的特(te)點(dian)介紹:齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)用,結(jie)構簡單,精度容易,而且輪(lun)齒(chi)可做成直(zhi)齒(chi)、斜齒(chi)和人字齒(chi)等。蝸桿減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)結(jie)構緊湊,傳(chuan)動(dong)比(bi)大,工作平穩,噪(zao)音小,但是(shi)效率(lv)比(bi)較低。蝸桿—齒(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有齒(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)在(zai)速(su)級和蝸桿傳(chuan)動(dong)在(zai)速(su)級兩種形式,前者的結(jie)構緊湊,后者的傳(chuan)動(dong)效率(lv)。
行(xing)星齒輪減(jian)速電(dian)機的(de)(de)行(xing)星齒輪傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)效利(li)用了(le)功率(lv)分(fen)流和輸(shu)入(ru)、輸(shu)出的(de)(de)同(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)性以及合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)使用了(le)內嚙合(he),因而與普通定軸(zhou)(zhou)齒輪傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)相比較(jiao),行(xing)星齒輪減(jian)速電(dian)機具有(you)(you)質量小(xiao)、體積(ji)小(xiao)、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)比大(da)、承載能(neng)力大(da)以及傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)平穩和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)等(deng)特(te)(te)點。行(xing)星齒輪減(jian)速電(dian)機因具有(you)(you)這(zhe)些特(te)(te)點,所以被的(de)(de)應用于冶金、礦山、建筑、航(hang)空等(deng)機械領域。
擺(bai)線針(zhen)輪(lun)減(jian)速電機(ji)采(cai)用的(de)(de)是(shi)少齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)差(cha)行(xing)星(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)原理,其(qi)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)過程是(shi)在(zai)輸入軸(zhou)上裝有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)錯位(wei)180度的(de)(de)雙偏心(xin)套(tao)(tao),在(zai)偏心(xin)套(tao)(tao)上裝有兩個(ge)(ge)稱為(wei)轉(zhuan)臂的(de)(de)滾柱(zhu)軸(zhou)承,形(xing)成H機(ji)構,兩個(ge)(ge)擺(bai)線輪(lun)的(de)(de)中心(xin)孔即(ji)為(wei)偏心(xin)套(tao)(tao),上傳(chuan)(chuan)臂軸(zhou)承的(de)(de)滾道(dao),并(bing)由(you)(you)擺(bai)線輪(lun)與針(zhen)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)相嚙(nie)合(he),組成差(cha)為(wei)一(yi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)內嚙(nie)合(he)減(jian)速機(ji)構。諧(xie)波齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)是(shi)諧(xie)波齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)行(xing)星(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)簡稱,諧(xie)波齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)速電機(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)是(shi)一(yi)種少齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)差(cha)行(xing)星(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong),通常由(you)(you)剛性(xing)(xing)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun),柔性(xing)(xing)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun),波發生器和柔性(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)承等零件構成。
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