帶減速機的電機稱為減速電機，主要傳動結構由驅動電機、減速齒輪箱組裝而成，驅動電機可以是直流電機、步進電機、空心杯電機、伺服電機、永磁電機等作為驅動源，齒輪箱可采用行星齒輪箱、蝸輪蝸桿齒輪箱、圓柱齒輪箱作為減速器；減速電機是一種應用廣泛的驅動電機設備，應用在不同領域，型號規格、參數性能也不一樣。

減速(su)(su)電機(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)理：減速(su)(su)器(qi)是一種(zhong)由封閉在剛性(xing)殼體內的齒輪傳動(dong)、蝸桿傳動(dong)、齒輪-蝸桿傳動(dong)所組成的獨立部件，常用(yong)作原(yuan)(yuan)動(dong)件與工(gong)作機(ji)之間(jian)的減速(su)(su)傳動(dong)裝置。在原(yuan)(yuan)動(dong)機(ji)和(he)工(gong)作機(ji)或(huo)執(zhi)行(xing)機(ji)構之間(jian)起匹配轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)和(he)傳遞(di)轉(zhuan)矩的作用(yong)，在現代機(ji)械中應(ying)用(yong)極為廣(guang)泛(fan)。

減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類：按(an)照傳動(dong)級數不同可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為單(dan)級和多級減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)廠輪(lun)形狀可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為圓柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)、圓錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)和圓錐－圓柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)引輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)；按(an)照傳動(dong)的布置形式又(you)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為展(zhan)開式、分(fen)(fen)(fen)流(liu)式和同進軸(zhou)式減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)；按(an)照驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)類型可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、步進減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、空心(xin)杯減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)；按(an)照齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱傳動(dong)形式分(fen)(fen)(fen)為行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、蝸輪(lun)蝸桿(gan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、圓柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)；

減(jian)(jian)速機選(xuan)型要點：電(dian)機基本參數包(bao)括：額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)、額(e)定(ding)轉速、額(e)定(ding)轉矩，額(e)定(ding)功率、力矩和齒(chi)輪箱的(de)減(jian)(jian)速比。

1.額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速呈正比，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速越(yue)快，但如果微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)超過(guo)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，首先(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的效率會(hui)(hui)下降，并(bing)(bing)會(hui)(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增加產生大量(liang)的熱量(liang)，最后(hou)導(dao)致微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)使用壽命縮短或因(yin)發熱過(guo)高燒毀電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，一般微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)會(hui)(hui)有一個(ge)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)，小編并(bing)(bing)不建(jian)議(yi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)型(xing)(xing)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)超出或低于運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)下運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)（低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)也會(hui)(hui)產生非常大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流）。

2.空(kong)載(zai)(zai)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)：空(kong)載(zai)(zai)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)是指微型減速(su)(su)(su)(su)電機(ji)沒有(you)連(lian)接時在(zai)額定電壓(ya)下最(zui)快(kuai)的(de)旋轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)度，空(kong)載(zai)(zai)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)與負載(zai)(zai)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)區別是比較大(da)的(de)，取(qu)決于負載(zai)(zai)的(de)大(da)小，負載(zai)(zai)越大(da)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)輸出轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)會越慢。

3.額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率：微型減(jian)速(su)電機在(zai)額定(ding)電壓條件下運轉(zhuan)時的(de)功(gong)(gong)率，可通過電流(liu)×電壓得(de)出輸(shu)出功(gong)(gong)率值。

4.堵(du)轉扭矩(ju)：指微型(xing)減(jian)速(su)電機輸出軸不(bu)旋轉時所提供的最大(da)扭矩(ju)，堵(du)轉時間(jian)如(ru)超過(guo)數秒微型(xing)減(jian)速(su)電機會因電流(liu)過(guo)大(da)燒毀(hui)。

5.堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：與(yu)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)扭力類(lei)似，指微型電(dian)(dian)機在最(zui)大(da)扭矩條(tiao)件下所(suo)消(xiao)耗的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)是非常高(gao)的，如沒有堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)保護，則會使微型減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機損(sun)傷(shang)。

6.扭矩：微型(xing)減速電機的(de)扭矩是通過力(li)×距離計算出的(de)，如10Nm堵轉扭矩下進行旋(xuan)轉的(de)電機能夠在(zai)1m內保持10N。同樣，其也在(zai)0.5m之內保持20N。