什么是直流無刷電機？

直(zhi)流無刷電機由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)典型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化產(chan)品。無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)指無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)和(he)換向(xiang)器(qi)(qi)（或集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，又稱(cheng)無換向(xiang)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。直(zhi)流無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)典型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化產(chan)品。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)多做成(cheng)(cheng)三(san)相對稱(cheng)星形(xing)接(jie)法，同三(san)相異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)十(shi)分相似。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)上(shang)粘有(you)已充磁的(de)(de)(de)永磁體(ti)，為了檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)極性，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內裝有(you)位(wei)置傳感器(qi)(qi)。驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)由功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)和(he)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路等(deng)構成(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)功能是(shi)(shi)：接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、停止、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)信(xin)號，以控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、停止和(he)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；接(jie)受(shou)位(wei)置傳感器(qi)(qi)信(xin)號和(he)正反轉(zhuan)信(xin)號，用來(lai)控制(zhi)逆變橋(qiao)各功率管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)通斷，產(chan)生連(lian)續轉(zhuan)矩；接(jie)受(shou)速(su)(su)度指令(ling)和(he)速(su)(su)度反饋信(xin)號，用來(lai)控制(zhi)和(he)調整(zheng)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)；提供保護和(he)顯示等(deng)。

直流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)集成(cheng)組裝齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)器一起使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，這(zhe)種集成(cheng)組裝產品也(ye)稱直流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，即齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，是在普(pu)通直流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，加(jia)上(shang)配(pei)套(tao)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是，提(ti)供較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)，較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)力矩。同(tong)時(shi)，齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)減速(su)(su)(su)(su)比可以(yi)提(ti)供不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)和力矩。這(zhe)大大提(ti)高了，直流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)在自動化行業中的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)率。

直流無刷電機特點：

1.可替代直流電機調速、變頻器+變頻(pin)電機調速、異步電機+減速機調(diao)速；

2.具有傳統直流電機的優點，同時又(you)取消了碳(tan)刷(shua)、滑(hua)環結(jie)構；

3.可以低(di)速(su)大(da)功率運行，可以省去減速(su)機直接驅動(dong)大(da)的(de)負載(zai)；

4.體積小、重量輕、出力大；

5.轉矩特性(xing)優異，中、低速轉矩性(xing)能好(hao)，啟(qi)動轉矩大，啟(qi)動電流小(xiao)；

6.無級調(diao)速，調(diao)速范圍廣，過載能(neng)力強；

7.軟(ruan)啟軟(ruan)停、制動(dong)特(te)性好，可省去原有的(de)機械制動(dong)或電磁制動(dong)裝置；

8.效率高，電機本身(shen)沒有勵磁損耗和碳刷損耗，消除了多(duo)級(ji)減(jian)速耗，綜合節電率可達(da)20%~60%。

9.可靠(kao)性(xing)高，穩定性(xing)好，適應性(xing)強，維修與保養簡(jian)單；

10.耐顛簸震動(dong)，噪(zao)音低，震動(dong)小，運轉平(ping)滑，壽命(ming)長；

11.不產生火花，特別適合爆(bao)炸性場(chang)所(suo)，有防爆(bao)型；

12.根(gen)據需要可選梯形(xing)波(bo)(bo)磁場電(dian)機和正弦波(bo)(bo)磁場電(dian)機。

直流無刷電機應用：

1.辦公計(ji)算機設備、電子數碼消費(fei)品(pin)領(ling)域。

這是無刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電機(ji)(ji)普(pu)及廣(guang)、數量大的(de)(de)領(ling)域。比如在(zai)生活中(zhong)常見的(de)(de)打印機(ji)(ji)、傳真機(ji)(ji)、復印機(ji)(ji)、硬盤驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)器、軟盤驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)器、電影攝影機(ji)(ji)、磁帶記(ji)錄儀等(deng)，在(zai)它們的(de)(de)主軸和附屬運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)控制中(zhong)，都有無刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)身影。

2.工業控制領域。

由(you)于無刷(shua)(shua)直流(liu)電機(ji)大規模的(de)(de)研發和技(ji)術的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸成熟，其驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統在(zai)工業生產(chan)中的(de)(de)分布范圍也(ye)隨(sui)之擴大，已(yi)逐(zhu)步成為工業用(yong)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)發展主流(liu)。圍繞降(jiang)低生產(chan)成本和提(ti)高運行效率而展開的(de)(de)研究與嘗試已(yi)取得顯著的(de)(de)效益，各大廠商也(ye)提(ti)供不(bu)同型號的(de)(de)電機(ji)以滿足不(bu)同驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。現階段在(zai)紡織(zhi)、冶(ye)金、印刷(shua)(shua)、自動(dong)(dong)化生產(chan)流(liu)水線、數控機(ji)床等工業生產(chan)方面，無刷(shua)(shua)直流(liu)電機(ji)都有涉獵(lie)。

3.醫療設備(bei)領域。

在國外(wai)，對無刷直流電(dian)機的(de)使用已經(jing)較為普遍，可(ke)以用來(lai)驅動(dong)人工(gong)心臟中的(de)小型血泵;在國內，手術用(yong)高速(su)器具的(de)高速(su)離心機(ji)、熱像儀和(he)測溫儀的(de)紅外(wai)激光調(diao)制(zhi)器都使(shi)用(yong)了無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)機(ji)。

4.汽車領域。

一般(ban)的家(jia)用轎(jiao)車需要永磁電機 20-30 個，而每輛豪華轎車則需要59個之多，除了發動(dong)機外，在雨刷器、電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)門、汽(qi)車(che)(che)空調、電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)窗等(deng)部(bu)位都有(you)電(dian)機的身影。隨著(zhu)汽(qi)車(che)(che)工業向著(zhu)節能(neng)環保的方向發展(zhan)，所(suo)使用的電(dian)機也必須滿足高效率、低能(neng)耗的標準。而無刷直流電(dian)機的低噪聲、壽命長、無火花干(gan)擾、方便集中控(kong)制等(deng)優點完全符(fu)合(he)，隨著(zhu)其調速技術的日益成熟，性價比會(hui)越來越高，它在汽(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)機驅動(dong)的各(ge)個環節中的應用會(hui)更加廣泛。

5.家(jia)用(yong)電器領域。

“變頻(pin)(pin)”技(ji)術(shu)已普遍，作為家電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志逐漸(jian)(jian)占據了大部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消費市場，“直流(liu)變頻(pin)(pin)”受(shou)到(dao)生產廠商的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)睞(lai)，已有逐漸(jian)(jian)替換掉“交流(liu)變頻(pin)(pin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變趨勢。這種轉(zhuan)變實質上就是家電(dian)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動機由感應電(dian)動機向無刷直流(liu)電(dian)機及其控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡，以達到(dao)節(jie)能(neng)環(huan)保、低噪(zao)智能(neng)、舒適性高的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。無刷直流(liu)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展方(fang)向與(yu)電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)、傳感器、控制(zhi)理論等技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展方(fang)向相同，它是多(duo)種技(ji)術(shu)相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)產物，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展取決于(yu)與(yu)之相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一種技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)革新與(yu)進步。