微型直流電機是(shi)指輸(shu)出或(huo)輸(shu)入為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),稱為微型直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。可(ke)分(fen)為特(te)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和永磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。特(te)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一般無繞組，傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較為復雜，作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)已自成體系(xi)(xi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)因勵磁方式(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，其特(te)性也各有(you)千秋。永磁式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)性能與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)并勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)相近，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩較大，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械特(te)性硬，負載變化(hua)時(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速變化(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大，適(shi)用于(yu)小(xiao)功率直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)玩具、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具、音響設備、汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器等。本文主要(yao)討論此類功率不(bu)(bu)(bu)大、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)(bu)(bu)、體積較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)微型直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。是(shi)早發明(ming)能將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能的(de)(de)(de)設備，它(ta)可(ke)追(zhui)溯到(dao)法(fa)拉(la)第所發明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)碟型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。到(dao)了1880年(nian)已成為主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能到(dao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置，但之后由于(yu)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)使用日趨(qu)普及，而發明(ming)了感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性亦隨之降低。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)約(yue)1960年(nian)，由于(yu)SCR的(de)(de)(de)發明(ming)，磁鐵(tie)材(cai)料(liao)、碳刷、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)改良，以及變速控制的(de)(de)(de)需求日益增加(jia)(jia)，再(zai)加(jia)(jia)上工(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發展，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)再(zai)次(ci)得到(dao)了發展的(de)(de)(de)契機(ji)(ji)(ji)，到(dao)了1980年(nian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)伺服傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成為自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵技術。

微型直流電機的特點

1.微型直流電機有個特點是電機可以根據負載大小，自動降速，來達到大的啟動扭矩。這一點交流電機就比較困難。另外直流電機比較容(rong)易吸收負(fu)載大(da)小的突(tu)變，電(dian)機轉(zhuan)速可以自動適應負(fu)載大(da)小。

2.微(wei)型直流電機(ji)(ji)的(de)效率(lv)一(yi)般都(dou)要(yao)于其他類型的(de)電機(ji)(ji)，所以達到相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)輸出(chu)功率(lv)，直流電機(ji)(ji)的(de)體積(ji)一(yi)般都(dou)比較(jiao)小。對(dui)于安(an)裝位置有限的(de)情況下(xia)，微(wei)型直流電機(ji)(ji)相(xiang)對(dui)比較(jiao)合適。