直流減速電機是一種(zhong)運用廣泛的(de)減速(su)設(she)備(bei)，主要傳動(dong)結(jie)構由驅動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)（分為無刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)、有刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)）、齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)組裝而成(cheng)的(de)減速(su)設(she)備(bei)，具(ju)備(bei)減速(su)、傳動(dong)、提升(sheng)扭矩(ju)功(gong)能；步進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)精(jing)密驅動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，角(jiao)度(du)可控(kong)制(zhi)、速(su)度(du)可控(kong)制(zhi)，應用也廣泛；下面將(jiang)介紹(shao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)與步進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)區別。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)減速(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)：

直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，即微型減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。一般是通過把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或其他高(gao)速運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)動(dong)力通過齒(chi)輪減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸入軸(zhou)上的(de)(de)齒(chi)數少的(de)(de)齒(chi)輪嚙合輸出(chu)軸(zhou)上的(de)(de)大齒(chi)輪來達到減(jian)速的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由靜(jing)止(zhi)部(bu)分和(he)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)部(bu)分組成。靜(jing)止(zhi)部(bu)分稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)定(ding)子。它由一個(ge)外殼和(he)一個(ge)磁極組成。當然，磁極用(yong)于產生磁場。旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)部(bu)分稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子，也稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)芯是圓柱形(xing)的(de)(de)，由層壓硅(gui)鋼片制成，表面用(yong)槽沖孔，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)繞組放在槽中。直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器。它主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熔，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)交流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)勵磁，雖然需要(yao)(yao)直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源整流(liu)元件(jian)也用(yong)于將(jiang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從易用(yong)性，操作可靠(kao)性和(he)某些(xie)工作性能(neng)方面來看，交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)整流(liu)不能(neng)與直(zhi)流(liu)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相比。步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：

步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，它(ta)的(de)工作原理(li)是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，將直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變成分(fen)時(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，多(duo)相時(shi)序控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)才能(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工作，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)就(jiu)是為步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)時(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，多(duo)相時(shi)序控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)。雖然步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已被廣泛地應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，但步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并(bing)不能(neng)像普通的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在常(chang)(chang)規下使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。它(ta)必須(xu)由雙環形脈沖信號(hao)、功率驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)組成控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)方可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。因此用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)好步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卻非易(yi)事，它(ta)涉及到(dao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)及計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)許多(duo)專(zhuan)業知識。步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作為執行元件(jian)，是機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化的(de)關鍵產品(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在各種(zhong)(zhong)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)中。步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)搭載齒輪箱（減速(su)(su)器(qi)）、編(bian)碼器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，加上減速(su)(su)裝(zhuang)置的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)要加上合適的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就(jiu)會(hui)轉(zhuan)，而(er)且轉(zhuan)得圈數難以(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)，而(er)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)要大很多(duo)，一(yi)般(ban)小(xiao)型直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)L298N這(zhe)類的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯片驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)時(shi)候一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出PWM波(bo)控(kong)制(zhi)；而(er)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則按照節(jie)拍(pai)工作，可(ke)以(yi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)極小(xiao)的(de)角度（比(bi)如0.1度）。