直線電機和直流電機的區別？

直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)機和直流電機的組成結構、驅動原理、應用場景、輸出功率都不一樣；選擇時應根據實際需求進行選擇直線電機、直流電機，下面將詳細介紹兩種電機結構、原理與特點。

直線電(dian)機(ji)是一種將電(dian)能直接轉(zhuan)換成直線運動(dong)機(ji)械能，而(er)不需要任何中間轉(zhuan)換機(ji)構的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置。它(ta)可以看成是一臺旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)按徑向剖開，并展成平(ping)面而(er)成。直線電(dian)機(ji)也(ye)稱線性(xing)電(dian)機(ji)，線性(xing)馬達，直線馬達，推(tui)桿(gan)馬達。常用(yong)的(de)直線電(dian)機(ji)類型(xing)是平(ping)板式和(he)U 型槽(cao)式(shi)，和管式(shi)。 線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)組成(cheng)是(shi)(shi)三相，由霍爾元件實(shi)現(xian)無刷換相。直線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)一樣。像無刷旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)，動(dong)子和(he)定(ding)子無機(ji)(ji)械連接（無刷），不像旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方(fang)面，動(dong)子旋(xuan)轉和(he)定(ding)子位(wei)(wei)置保(bao)持固(gu)定(ding)，直線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統可以是(shi)(shi)磁(ci)軌(gui)動(dong)或推力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)動(dong)（大部分定(ding)位(wei)(wei)系(xi)統應(ying)用是(shi)(shi)磁(ci)軌(gui)固(gu)定(ding)，推力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)動(dong)）。用推力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)電機(ji)(ji)，推力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)量和(he)負(fu)載(zai)比很(hen)小。然而，需要(yao)高柔性線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)及其(qi)管理系(xi)統。用磁(ci)軌(gui)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)電機(ji)(ji)，不僅要(yao)承受(shou)(shou)負(fu)載(zai)，還(huan)要(yao)承受(shou)(shou)磁(ci)軌(gui)質量，但無需線(xian)(xian)纜(lan)管理系(xi)統。

直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)的分類：由于直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)和(he)旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)存在上述對應關(guan)系(xi)，因(yin)此每種旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)都有相(xiang)應的直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)，但直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)的結構形式(shi)比旋(xuan)轉電機(ji)(ji)更靈活，另外，由于直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)的某些性能參數與應用場合密(mi)切相(xiang)關(guan)，所以直(zhi)(zhi)線電機(ji)(ji)除(chu)了可按工(gong)作原理分類外，還可按結構形式(shi)分類和(he)性能分類。

直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)指能(neng)(neng)將直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）或將機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）的(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)實現直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)互(hu)相轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。當它(ta)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)；作發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)結構應由定(ding)子(zi)(zi)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)兩(liang)大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運行時靜止不動(dong)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)稱為定(ding)子(zi)(zi)，定(ding)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)作用是(shi)產(chan)生磁場，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)座(zuo)、主磁極、換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)極、端蓋、軸承和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷裝(zhuang)置等組成(cheng)。運行時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)稱為轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，其主要(yao)作用是(shi)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩和感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢，是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進行能(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)樞(shu)(shu)紐，所以通常又稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)，由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)鐵(tie)心、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)繞組、換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)和風扇(shan)等組成(cheng)。