直線電機和直流電機的區別？

直(zhi)線(xian)電機(ji)和直流電機的組成結構、驅動原理、應用場景、輸出功率都不一樣；選擇時應根據實際需求進行選擇直線電機、直流電機，下面將詳細介紹兩種電機結構、原理與特點。

直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)(ji)是(shi)一(yi)種將電能直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)運動機(ji)(ji)械能，而(er)不需(xu)要任何中間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)構的傳(chuan)動裝置。它可以看成是(shi)一(yi)臺(tai)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電機(ji)(ji)按徑向剖開(kai)，并展成平面而(er)成。直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)(ji)也稱線(xian)(xian)性電機(ji)(ji)，線(xian)(xian)性馬達(da)，直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)馬達(da)，推桿馬達(da)。常用的直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機(ji)(ji)類型是(shi)平板式和U 型槽(cao)式(shi)，和管(guan)式(shi)。 線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)典型(xing)組(zu)成是三相，由霍爾(er)元件實現無刷換相。直線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)控制和(he)(he)(he)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)樣。像無刷旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，動(dong)(dong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)無機(ji)(ji)(ji)械連接（無刷），不像旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)方面，動(dong)(dong)子(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)位(wei)置保持固定(ding)，直線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統可(ke)以是磁(ci)軌(gui)動(dong)(dong)或推(tui)力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)動(dong)(dong)（大部分定(ding)位(wei)系(xi)(xi)統應(ying)用(yong)是磁(ci)軌(gui)固定(ding)，推(tui)力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)動(dong)(dong)）。用(yong)推(tui)力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，推(tui)力線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)重量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)負(fu)載比很(hen)小。然而，需要高柔性線(xian)(xian)纜及其(qi)管理系(xi)(xi)統。用(yong)磁(ci)軌(gui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，不僅(jin)要承(cheng)受(shou)負(fu)載，還(huan)要承(cheng)受(shou)磁(ci)軌(gui)質量(liang)，但無需線(xian)(xian)纜管理系(xi)(xi)統。

直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)分類：由于直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間存在(zai)上述對應關(guan)系，因(yin)此(ci)每種(zhong)旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都有相應的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，但直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)形式(shi)比旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)更靈(ling)活(huo)，另外，由于直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)某些性(xing)能參(can)數與應用場合密切相關(guan)，所(suo)以直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)除了可(ke)按(an)工(gong)作原理分類外，還可(ke)按(an)結(jie)構(gou)形式(shi)分類和性(xing)能分類。

直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)能(neng)將直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）或將機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）的(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)能(neng)實現(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)互相轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。當它(ta)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行時是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)；作(zuo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行時是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)應(ying)由(you)定子(zi)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)兩大部(bu)分(fen)組成。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行時靜止不動的(de)部(bu)分(fen)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)定子(zi)，定子(zi)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)磁場，由(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)座、主(zhu)磁極、換(huan)(huan)向極、端蓋(gai)、軸承(cheng)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)裝置等組成。運(yun)行時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動的(de)部(bu)分(fen)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)，其主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩和(he)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進行能(neng)量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)樞(shu)(shu)紐，所(suo)以通常又稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)，由(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)鐵心、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)繞組、換(huan)(huan)向器和(he)風扇等組成。