減速機的(de)全(quan)稱是減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，簡稱為“減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)”，是一種(zhong)應(ying)用的(de)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)連接設備(bei)，按照(zhao)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)器(qi)（齒(chi)輪箱）類型，可(ke)分(fen)為齒(chi)輪減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、直流減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、行星減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、蝸輪蝸桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)；減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主要結構由減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)器(qi)（齒(chi)輪箱）、傳動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組裝(zhuang)而成，按照(zhao)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)大小分(fen)為小功(gong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、大功(gong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，分(fen)別應(ying)用在(zai)不同的(de)場景中。

  減速(su)機(ji)采用電(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為傳動源(yuan)，不同(tong)領域應用不同(tong)的傳動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，比較常用的傳動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)有(you)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、空(kong)心杯電(dian)(dian)機(ji)等，下面一一介紹。

  1.直流電機
  直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)（direct current machine）是(shi)指能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換成機(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)）或將(jiang)機(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換成直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）的旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的結構應(ying)由定子和轉(zhuan)子兩大部(bu)分組成。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行時靜(jing)止不(bu)動的部(bu)分稱(cheng)為定子，定子的主要作(zuo)用是(shi)產生磁場，由機(ji)座、主磁、換向(xiang)、端(duan)蓋、軸承和電(dian)(dian)刷裝(zhuang)置等組成。

  2.步進電機
  步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)信號轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)角(jiao)位(wei)移(yi)或(huo)線(xian)位(wei)移(yi)的開環控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，是(shi)現代數字程(cheng)序控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統中的主(zhu)要執行元件，應用為(wei)。步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)一種(zhong)感應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，它的工作原理是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路，將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)成分時供電(dian)(dian)的，多(duo)相(xiang)時序控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，用這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)供電(dian)(dian)，步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)才能正常工作，傳(chuan)動(dong)器就是(shi)為(wei)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)分時供電(dian)(dian)的，多(duo)相(xiang)時序控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器。

  3.空心杯電機
  空(kong)(kong)心(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)結(jie)構上了(le)傳統電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)結(jie)構形式，采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)是無鐵芯轉(zhuan)子(zi)，也叫(jiao)空(kong)(kong)心(xin)杯(bei)型轉(zhuan)子(zi)。這種(zhong)新穎的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)結(jie)構消(xiao)除了(le)由于(yu)鐵芯形成渦流(liu)而(er)造成的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能損(sun)耗。空(kong)(kong)心(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)克服了(le)有(you)鐵芯電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)不可(ke)逾(yu)越的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)障礙，而(er)且其(qi)(qi)突出的(de)(de)(de)特點集中在(zai)電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)性能方面，使其(qi)(qi)具備了(le)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用領域。尤其(qi)(qi)是隨著工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展，對電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)伺(si)服特性不斷提出更的(de)(de)(de)期望和要(yao)求，使空(kong)(kong)心(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)很多應(ying)用場合擁有(you)不可(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)。