無刷直流電機是由直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機發(fa)展而(er)(er)來(lai)的(de)，為(wei)便(bian)于理解其運行原理，先(xian)簡單(dan)回顧(gu)一下(xia)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)工作特征。在直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通常磁在定(ding)子(zi)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)繞組(zu)(zu)位于轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)上(shang)。由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)繞組(zu)(zu)提(ti)供的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)直流，而(er)(er)為(wei)了(le)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機能產生(sheng)大小、方向(xiang)均保持不(bu)變(bian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)，推動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)持續運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，每一主磁下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜繞組(zu)(zu)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)邊(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向(xiang)應相(xiang)同并保持不(bu)變(bian)，但因每一元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)邊(bian)均隨轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而(er)(er)輪流經過(guo)N、S，故每一元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)邊(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向(xiang)必須相(xiang)應交(jiao)替變(bian)化，即必須為(wei)交(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。在有刷直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，把外部輸入的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)(shu)繞組(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)交(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷和(he)機械式(shi)換向(xiang)器(qi)(推薦:易順(shun)減速器(qi))完成的(de)，每當一個元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)邊(bian)經過(guo)幾何中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性線由N轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)到(dao)S下(xia)或由S轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)到(dao)N下(xia)時，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷和(he)機械換向(xiang)器(qi)使(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流改變(bian)方向(xiang)。

為(wei)了消除電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)和機(ji)(ji)械換(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)，及(ji)利于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)推桿的使用，在(zai)(zai)(zai)無(wu)刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)將(jiang)直流電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)反裝(zhuang)，即將(jiang)永(yong)磁體磁放在(zai)(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)，而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)摳繞(rao)組成(cheng)為(wei)靜止的定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組，為(wei)了使定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)流方向(xiang)能隨其(qi)繞(rao)組邊所在(zai)(zai)(zai)處的磁場的性(xing)交替變化，需將(jiang)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組與電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)器(qi)件構成(cheng)的逆(ni)變器(qi)連(lian)接(jie)，并安裝(zhuang)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)檢測(ce)器(qi)，以檢測(ce)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)磁的空間位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，根據轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)磁的空間位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(由此可以確定(ding)電(dian)(dian)摳繞(rao)組各線(xian)圈邊所在(zai)(zai)(zai)處磁場的性(xing))控制逆(ni)變器(qi)中(zhong)功(gong)率(lv)開關(guan)器(qi)件的通斷，從而(er)(er)控制電(dian)(dian)樞繞(rao)組的導通情況及(ji)繞(rao)組電(dian)(dian)流的方向(xiang)，顯(xian)然在(zai)(zai)(zai)這里轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)檢測(ce)器(qi)和逆(ni)變器(qi)起(qi)到(dao)了“電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)換(huan)向(xiang)器(qi)”的作用。

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