微電機有望成為新的經濟增長點
微電機,全稱“微型減速電機”,是指直徑小于160mm或額定功率小于750W的電機。微電機常用于控制系統或傳動機械負載中,用于實現機電信號或能量的檢測、解析運算、放大、執行或轉換等功能。
微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)門(men)類繁多,大體可分為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、自整角(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、旋轉變壓器、軸(zhou)角(jiao)編(bian)碼器、交直流(liu)兩(liang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、測(ce)速發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、感應同(tong)步(bu)器、直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、減速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)機(ji)組和其(qi)他特(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)等13大類。
直流無刷電機:它是近幾年小電機行業發展快的品種,隨著視聽產品“小、輕、薄”化和家品的靜音化以及豪華轎車需求量增多,直流無刷電機需求迅速增加。它用電子換向替代了電刷和換向器,具有可靠、率、壽命長和調速方便的特點,各國都加快了開發新產品的速度。日本不少公司已將直流無刷電機應用到數碼照相機、微型收錄機、攝影機、打印機、存儲傳動器、手機以及汽車空調、洗衣機、吸塵器、電動車和心臟泵等領域。
直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機:它具有結構簡單、無接觸運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、噪(zao)音(yin)低、速(su)度(du)和精度(du)、控制容易(yi)、維護方便和可靠(kao)性等(deng)(deng)特點。隨著工(gong)業自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化水平(ping)的不斷(duan)創新,直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)步進電機的應用領域(yu)越來越廣。目前已有不少(shao)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化設備(bei)中應用直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(xian)電機,如速(su)沖床、速(su)切削機、衛星天線(xian)(xian)、磁頭傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)器、繪圖機、打印機、復(fu)印機、掃描儀和電動(dong)(dong)(dong)門等(deng)(deng)。
速(su)(su)動壓軸(zhou)(zhou)承電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji):為了(le)滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品的小(xiao)(xiao)型化要求,小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)向(xiang)速(su)(su)化發(fa)展是一種技(ji)術發(fa)展動向(xiang),如(ru)計算機(ji)(ji)外設的存(cun)儲密度(du)迅速(su)(su)提,其(qi)(qi)配套的主軸(zhou)(zhou)無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)8000r/min以上速(su)(su)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan),不少小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)甚(shen)至在(zai)20000r/min以上運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan),為了(le)小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)速(su)(su)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)下(xia)低噪音(yin),并在(zai)速(su)(su)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)下(xia)仍能運(yun)行平穩、抖晃小(xiao)(xiao)、壽命長,日本許多公司(si)已開(kai)發(fa)生產(chan)速(su)(su)動壓軸(zhou)(zhou)承電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),動壓軸(zhou)(zhou)承有(you)空氣(qi)和液態動壓軸(zhou)(zhou)承兩種。目前(qian)應用空氣(qi)動壓軸(zhou)(zhou)承較多,尤其(qi)(qi)適(shi)用于速(su)(su)運(yun)行下(xia),要求噪音(yin)小(xiao)(xiao),抖晃小(xiao)(xiao)的DVD、HDD、CD-ROM等主軸(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。
微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji):小(xiao)型(xing)計算機(ji)(ji)、、彈子機(ji)(ji)、健康保健、美容(rong)按摩(mo)、老人和(he)(he)小(xiao)孩玩(wan)(wan)具(ju)、移動通信(xin)等領域(yu)大量使用微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),如手機(ji)(ji)、玩(wan)(wan)具(ju)汽車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動牙刷用的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),近幾年(nian)(nian)來需(xu)求迅速增加,尤(you)其(qi)是小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)直徑3mm至6mm(空心型(xing)和(he)(he)實心型(xing))、鈕扣式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)直徑8mm至12mm的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)量劇增。PC機(ji)(ji)、家(jia)用、老年(nian)(nian)人健康按摩(mo)和(he)(he)玩(wan)(wan)具(ju)、婦女健美按摩(mo)、小(xiao)孩智能玩(wan)(wan)具(ju)及(ji)小(xiao)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中也需(xu)要(yao)大量微(wei)(wei)小(xiao)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),這(zhe)些產品大部(bu)分是消費類產品。
超(chao)微(wei)型(xing)電機(ji)(ji):領(ling)域(yu)是微(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)電子(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應用具(ju)代表(biao)性的(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu),微(wei)創傷內窺診療、精密顯微(wei)外科手術(shu)(shu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)及微(wei)機(ji)(ji)器人(ren)等都(dou)需要體積很小(xiao)(xiao)、功率又足夠大(da)的(de)(de)度靈巧、度柔(rou)順性的(de)(de)超(chao)微(wei)型(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)電機(ji)(ji)。超(chao)微(wei)型(xing)電機(ji)(ji)是微(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)電子(zi)系統的(de)(de)關鍵執(zhi)行和傳動部件,隨著超(chao)微(wei)型(xing)電機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)造水平不斷完善和成熟(shu),其(qi)產量和應用領(ling)域(yu)不斷擴大(da),其(qi)市場潛力是巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de),有望成為新的(de)(de)經濟增長點。
片(pian)狀(zhuang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji):隨(sui)著電(dian)子產品向(xiang)小(xiao)型(xing)化(hua)(hua)、輕量化(hua)(hua)、薄(bo)型(xing)化(hua)(hua)方向(xiang)發展(zhan),其配(pei)套的(de)小(xiao)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也要(yao)求(qiu)向(xiang)“微、輕、薄(bo)”方向(xiang)發展(zhan),開發片(pian)狀(zhuang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)就成了必然趨勢。片(pian)狀(zhuang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)原理與傳(chuan)統的(de)直流電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)并無多大(da)區(qu)別。日本已(yi)有多家公司生產片(pian)狀(zhuang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),并已(yi)被應用到(dao)軟(ruan)、硬、光盤傳(chuan)動器、隨(sui)身聽、錄(lu)音機(ji)(ji)(ji)、錄(lu)像機(ji)(ji)(ji)、攝像機(ji)(ji)(ji)、數碼照相機(ji)(ji)(ji)、移(yi)動通信以及(ji)微型(xing)設備(bei)傳(chuan)動系統中。