12V直流減速正反轉電機屬于小功率減速電機，主要傳(chuan)動結構由(you)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)作為傳(chuan)動源、齒輪箱（減速器(qi)）集成(cheng)組(zu)裝而(er)成(cheng)，由(you)電(dian)機(ji)斷(duan)路器(qi)、接觸器(qi)控制直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)的正(zheng)反(fan)轉，下面(mian)詳(xiang)細介紹12V直(zhi)流(liu)減速正(zheng)反(fan)轉電(dian)機(ji)規格(ge)、參數、技(ji)術原理。

正反轉電機傳動原理：

? 直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，代表(biao)的是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)順(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)和(he)逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)順(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)控制電(dian)(dian)路圖及其原理分析要(yao)實現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)只要(yao)將接(jie)至電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源進(jin)線(xian)中(zhong)的任意兩相(xiang)對調接(jie)線(xian)即可達到反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的目(mu)的。

線路技術原理分析：

  一、正向啟動：　
  1、合上空氣開關QF接通三相電源　
  2、按(an)下正(zheng)向(xiang)啟動(dong)按(an)鈕(niu)SB3，KM1通(tong)電(dian)(dian)吸合(he)并(bing)自鎖，主(zhu)觸頭(tou)閉合(he)接通(tong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機這時(shi)的(de)相(xiang)序是L1、L2、L3，即正(zheng)向(xiang)運行(xing)。

  二、反向啟動：　
  1、合上空氣開關QF接通三相電源　
  2、按下反向啟(qi)動(dong)按鈕SB2，KM2通(tong)(tong)電(dian)吸合并通(tong)(tong)過(guo)輔助觸點自鎖，常開主觸頭閉合換接了電(dian)動(dong)機三相的電(dian)源相序，這時(shi)電(dian)動(dong)機的相序是L3、L2、L1，即(ji)反向運(yun)行。

  三、互鎖環節：具有禁止功能在線路中起安全保護作用　
  1、接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器互鎖：KM1線圈回(hui)(hui)路串入KM2的常(chang)閉輔助觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點，KM2線圈回(hui)(hui)路串入KM1的常(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點。當正轉接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器KM1線圈通(tong)電(dian)動作后(hou)，KM1的輔助常(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點斷(duan)開了KM2線圈回(hui)(hui)路，若使KM1得(de)電(dian)吸合，必須先使KM2斷(duan)電(dian)釋放，其(qi)輔助常(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)頭復位，這就防止了KM1、KM2同時吸合造成(cheng)相間短路，這一線路環(huan)節稱為互鎖環(huan)節。　

  2、按(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)互(hu)鎖(suo)：在電(dian)(dian)路中采(cai)用了控(kong)(kong)制按(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)操作的(de)正反傳控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路，按(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2、SB3都具(ju)有(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)常開觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點，一(yi)(yi)對(dui)常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點，這兩個觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點分(fen)別(bie)與KM1、KM2線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路連接(jie)。例如(ru)按(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2的(de)常開觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點與接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM2線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)串(chuan)聯(lian)，而(er)常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點與接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM1線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路串(chuan)聯(lian)。按(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB3的(de)常開觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點與接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM1線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)串(chuan)聯(lian)，而(er)常閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點壓KM2線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)回(hui)路串(chuan)聯(lian)。這樣(yang)當按(an)(an)(an)下SB2時只(zhi)能有(you)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM2的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)可以通電(dian)(dian)而(er)KM1斷電(dian)(dian)，按(an)(an)(an)下SB3時只(zhi)能有(you)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)KM1的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)可以通電(dian)(dian)而(er)KM2斷電(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果同時按(an)(an)(an)下SB2和(he)SB3則兩只(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)都不能通電(dian)(dian)。這樣(yang)就起(qi)到了互(hu)鎖(suo)的(de)作用。

  四(si)、電(dian)動機(ji)正(zheng)向(xiang)（或反(fan)向(xiang)）啟動運轉后，不必先按(an)停止按(an)鈕使(shi)(shi)電(dian)動機(ji)停止，可以直(zhi)接按(an)反(fan)向(xiang)（或正(zheng)向(xiang)）啟動按(an)鈕，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)動機(ji)變為反(fan)方向(xiang)運行。

  五、電(dian)動機的(de)過(guo)載保護由熱(re)繼電(dian)器FR完成。