微(wei)型齒輪減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種常用的(de)減(jian)速(su)驅(qu)動設備，主要驅(qu)動結構由減(jian)速(su)齒輪箱、驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組裝而成；微(wei)型齒輪減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可采用步進電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、空心杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直流有刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直流無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，下面將詳細介紹微(wei)型齒輪減(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)特點。

1.步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)：微型(xing)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)微機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中的(de)關鍵執(zhi)行(xing)部件，微型(xing)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)主要由(you)基體、動(dong)子和直(zhi)線(xian)導(dao)軌組成(cheng)。基體同時也充當定子的(de)作用,在其(qi)表面有(you)磁(ci)極、定子齒、線(xian)圈(quan)和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)；步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)相對于(yu)其(qi)它控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用途電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)最大區別是(shi)，它接(jie)收數字(zi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)信(xin)號）并轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化成(cheng)與之相對應的(de)角位(wei)(wei)移(yi)或(huo)直(zhi)線(xian)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)，它本身就是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)完(wan)成(cheng)數字(zi)模(mo)式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)元件。而且它可開環位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，輸入一(yi)個(ge)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)信(xin)號就得(de)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)規定的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)增量，這(zhe)樣的(de)所(suo)謂(wei)增量位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)與傳統(tong)的(de)直(zhi)流控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比(bi),其(qi)成(cheng)本明顯減(jian)低，幾乎不(bu)必進(jin)行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調整(zheng)。采用步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)微型(xing)齒輪減(jian)速機(ji)稱為步進(jin)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。

2.空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)：空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)屬于直流(liu)永磁(ci)的伺服、控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)，也可以將其歸類(lei)為(wei)微特(te)(te)(te)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)具有(you)突出的節能特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)、靈敏方便的控制特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)和(he)穩定的運行特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)，技術先進性(xing)(xing)十分明顯。空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)優點：轉速(su)調整快、體積小、質量輕、良好；空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)頁廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)在(zai)微型齒輪減(jian)速(su)機(ji)中，這種減(jian)速(su)機(ji)稱(cheng)為(wei)空心(xin)(xin)杯(bei)減(jian)速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)；產品廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)在(zai)智能家(jia)居、精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、消費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、家(jia)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中等。

3.直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)：有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)一種直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)定子(zi)(zi)上安裝有(you)(you)(you)固(gu)定的(de)(de)主磁極(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)，轉子(zi)(zi)上安裝有(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組和換(huan)向(xiang)器。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)和換(huan)向(xiang)器進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)磁場與主磁場相互(hu)作用產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁轉矩，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)旋轉帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)負載(zai)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)和換(huan)向(xiang)器的(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)，有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)結構(gou)復雜，可靠性差(cha)，故障多，維護工(gong)作量(liang)大，壽命短，換(huan)向(xiang)火(huo)花易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干擾。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)內(nei)含電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)裝置的(de)(de)將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉換(huan)成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji))或將(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能轉換(huan)成(cheng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)旋轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。區別(bie)于(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)裝置是(shi)用來引入或引出(chu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)所有(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)基礎，它具有(you)(you)(you)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)快、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)及(ji)時(shi)、可在(zai)(zai)大范圍內(nei)平滑(hua)地(di)調速(su)(su)、控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路相對簡單等特點。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廣泛應用在(zai)(zai)微型(xing)齒輪減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，這種設(she)備簡稱為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)減(jian)速(su)(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，廣泛在(zai)(zai)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化設(she)備、智能家居(ju)等領域。

4.直(zhi)(zhi)流無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)：無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)由(you)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)主體(ti)和驅動器組(zu)(zu)成，是一(yi)種典型的(de)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化產品。 無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是指無電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)和換(huan)向器（或集電(dian)(dian)環）的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，又稱(cheng)無換(huan)向器電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)因(yin)為具有直(zhi)(zhi)流有刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)特(te)(te)性，同時也是頻(pin)(pin)率變(bian)(bian)化的(de)裝置(zhi)，所以又名直(zhi)(zhi)流變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)，國(guo)際通用名詞為BLDC。無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)效(xiao)率、低(di)速(su)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)精(jing)度等(deng)都比任何(he)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器還要(yao)好；直(zhi)(zhi)流無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)具有無電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)、低(di)干(gan)擾、噪音低(di)，運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)順暢、壽命長，低(di)維護成本等(deng)特(te)(te)點；無刷(shua)(shua)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)裝在微型齒輪箱上(shang)，這(zhe)種產品稱(cheng)為直(zhi)(zhi)流無刷(shua)(shua)減速(su)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，廣泛應用在汽車、工(gong)具、工(gong)業工(gong)控(kong)、通訊設備(bei)、機(ji)械設備(bei)、自動化以及航空航天等(deng)。

5.伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)：伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可(ke)以控(kong)制(zhi)速度(du)，位(wei)置精度(du)非常(chang)準確，可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)化為轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速以驅動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)對象。伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速受輸入信(xin)號(hao)控(kong)制(zhi)，并能快速反應，在自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統中，用作執(zhi)行元件，且具有(you)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)時間常(chang)數小、線性(xing)度(du)高等特性(xing)，可(ke)把(ba)所收到的(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)軸上(shang)的(de)角(jiao)位(wei)移或角(jiao)速度(du)輸出。分為直流(liu)和交流(liu)伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)兩大類，其(qi)主要特點是，當信(xin)號(hao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為零時無(wu)自(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)現(xian)象，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩的(de)增(zeng)加而(er)勻速下降(jiang)。